González, L. et al (2012): Predictive modelling map of the most favorable observation zones for Azorean sperm whales

González et al. (2012) also generated a predictive map of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) observation zones around São Miguel, Azores using depth, slope, and sea surface temperature data. The goal of this study was to determine the best areas to whale watch in May 2012.

Objectives

To study the temporal and spatial distribution of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) around São Miguel (Azores) in relation to depth, slope, and sea surface temperature (SST).
To prepare a predictive map of the most favorable observation zones for sperm whales in the Azorean waters on a specific day using SST forecast data.

Impact

The study found that sperm whales were most commonly sighted between 700 and 1300 meters deep, with the best conditions for sightings occurring in areas with lower SST (around 17ºC) rather than the warmer temperatures typically associated with the species’ migration.
Only 32.5% of the study area was favorable for sightings, with just 2.27% of the area being optimal for whale watching.
The research suggests that more variables could be incorporated to improve the predictive models and that future work should aim to create more interactive maps to include other species and migration patterns for more comprehensive conservation efforts.

Supported UN Global Goals

González et al. (2012) contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life below water) with a predictive map for sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) observation zones around São Miguel, Azores. To support marine biodiversity conservation and promote sustainable tourism in the region, the study uses environmental variables including depth, slope and sea surface temperature to identify optimal habitats for whale watching.