Dolphins: Top3 Facts and Curiosities

Dolphins, with their captivating intelligence and playful nature, have long fascinated humans. These marine mammals are not just beloved for their acrobatics and friendly demeanor but also for the intriguing details of their biology and behavior. In this article, we will explore three key facts and curiosities about dolphins: their lifespan, size and weight, and diet. By delving into these aspects, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of what makes dolphins such unique and remarkable creatures.

How long do dolphins live?

In the wild, most dolphins can live for a long time. Orcas may live for 70 years or more. Bottlenose dolphins can live for at least 40 years. In contrast, dolphins that are kept in captivity die much earlier than those living in the wild. For example, bottlenose dolphins, on average, live until 20 years old in captivity.

To calculate dolphins’ age, we have to pay attention to their teeth. Unlike humans, who lose their baby teeth, a dolphin will keep the full set of teeth it was born with for its entire life.

And also unlike human teeth, dolphin teeth grow larger by producing growth layers in the root. These layers are visible and distinct for each year of a dolphin’s life. Scientists can then determine how old a dolphin is by cutting the tooth in half and counting the growth layers that they see,   just as the rings of a tree. So, these layers are a very reliable way of telling the age of most dolphin species.

✨ Related articles: Are Dolphins Endangered? | Are Pink Dolphins real? | Do Dolphins Eat Tuna? | Do Dolphins Smell? | Do Whales & Dolphins Lay Eggs?

How much do dolphins weigh and measure?

Dolphins vary greatly in size, with their length ranging from 1,2 to 9 meters (4 to 30 feet) and their weight ranging from 39 kg to 10 tons (88 lbs. up to 22000 pounds).

The largest members of the dolphin families are usually referred to as whales, such as orcas, false killer whales and pilot whales. The world’s smallest dolphins, commonly called Hector’s dolphins, include a subspecies called Maui’s dolphin.

Some smaller species of dolphin can be found travelling in and around coastal waters where they are less likely to face threats from potential predators, while larger dolphins may venture out further into the offshore ocean far from coastal waters (Srinivasan & Markowitz, 2010). But size does not always have a direct influence on where dolphins can be found living throughout the world, for example, striped dolphins here in the Azores can be found offshore, and they are around 2m in length.

In addition to staying near coastal environments, small dolphins are also known to travel in large groups to protect themselves from predators. Predators of the dolphin species may include orcas and sharks (Srinivasan & Markowitz, 2010). 

✨ Related articles: How do Dolphins Mate? | How do Dolphins Sleep? | How do Whales & Dolphins Communicate? | How is a Group of Dolphins called? | Top-3 Facts & Curiosities about Dolphins | What Do Dolphins Eat?

Some sizes and weights examples of dolphins

In the Azores, we sometimes see two species of dolphins simultaneously on the same trip. For example, we can be with a huge group of the Atlantic spotted dolphins and suddenly a few bottlenoses appear interacting within the pod. Then we realize the incredible difference between these two species!

What do Dolphins eat?  

All dolphins are carnivores, eating fish and squid. Some dolphins eat crustaceans such as lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, while some eat octopus and cuttlefish.  

Different species of dolphins focus on other foods, and they have various hunting styles. Sometimes we see schools of fish from our boats, and we can see “in situ” the typical images of a documentary, the feeding moment!

A dolphin has a three-chambered stomach, similar to an ungulate (cow or deer). The mastication of their meal is taken care of in their first also referred to as the fore stomach. Then, the majority of digestion is processed in the main stomach or second chamber. And finally, the last section of their stomach, the pyloric stomach, takes care of the remainder of their digestion before the contents emptying into the intestinal region.  

And how do they find the prey?

Dolphins use echolocation, a process that permits dolphins to send out sound waves. When they hit an object or prey, they bounce back, allowing them to identify the location, shape, speed, and size of such an object. Even they can tell the texture!! 

The amount of time it takes for the sound waves to come back helps them to determine the distance. It takes longer for the sound waves to return when there is more distance between the dolphin and that given prey.

Conclusion

Dolphins continue to enchant and intrigue us with their remarkable longevity, diverse sizes, and sophisticated hunting techniques. Whether it’s the impressive lifespan of the orca, the significant size differences among species, or their varied carnivorous diets, each fact underscores the complexity and adaptability of these marine mammals. Through ongoing research and observation, we can continue to uncover the many wonders of dolphins, enhancing our appreciation and efforts to protect these extraordinary animals.

Bibliography

• Azevedo, Alexandre & Flach, Leonardo & Bisi, Tatiana & Andrade, Luciana & Dorneles, Paulo & Lailson Brito, Jose. (2010). Whistles emitted by Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in Southeastern Brazil. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 127. 2646-51.
• Bruno Cozzi, Stefan Huggenberger, Helmut Oelschläger (2017). Diving: Breathing, Respiration, and the Circulatory System. Anatomy of Dolphins, 91-131.
• Cotten PB, Piscitelli MA, McLellan WA, Rommel SA, Dearolf JL, Pabst DA. (2008) The gross morphology and histochemistry of respiratory muscles in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. J Morphol. 269(12):1520–1538.
• D. Weihs (2002) Dynamics of Dolphin Porpoising Revisited, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 42, Issue 5,Pages 1071–1078.
• Hastie, G. D., Wilson, B., Tufft, L. H. and Thompson, P. M. (2003), Bottlenose Dolphins increase breathing synchrony in response to boat traffic. Marine mammal science, 19: 74-084.
• Hohn, A. A., Scott, M. D., Wells, R. S., Sweeney, J. C. and Irvine, A. B. (1989), Growth layers in teeth from known‐age, free‐ranging bottlenose dolphins. Marine Mammal Science, 5: 315-342.
• Klinowska, M. 1991. Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. IUCN – The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 429 pp.
• Mukhametov LM, Oleksenko AI, Polyakova (1988) IG. Quantification of ECoG stages of sleep in the bottlenose dolphin. Neurophysiology.20:398–403.
• Oleksenko AI, Mukhametov LM, Polyakova IG, Supin AY, Kovalzon VM.(1992) Unihemispheric sleep deprivation in bottlenose dolphins. J Sleep Res.1:40–4.
• Orbach, Dara & Rattan, Shruti & Hogan, M. & Crosby, Alfred & Brennan, Patricia. (2019). Biomechanical Properties of Female Dolphin Reproductive Tissue. Acta Biomaterialia. 86.
• Ponganis, P. J., Kooyman, G. L. and Ridgway, S. H. (2003). Comparative diving physiology. In Bennett and Elliott’s Physiology and Medicine of Diving (ed. A. Brubakk and T. S. Neuman), pp. 211-226. Edinburgh: Saunders Ltd.
• Ridgway SH, Carlin KP, Van Alstyne KR, Hanson AC, Tarpley RJ. Comparison of Dolphins’ body and brain measurements with four other groups of cetaceans reveals great diversity [published correction appears in Brain Behav Evol. 2017;90(3):264]. Brain Behav Evol. 2016;88(3-4):235–257.
• Scott, Erin & Mann, Janet & Watson-Capps, Jana & Sargeant, Brooke & Connor, Richard. (2005). Aggression in bottlenose dolphins: Evidence for sexual coercion, male-male competition, and female tolerance through analysis of tooth-rake marks and behaviour. Behaviour. 142. 21-44.
• Srinivasan, Mridula & Markowitz, Tim. (2010). Dusky Dolphins: Master Acrobats off Different Shores Predator Threats and Dusky Dolphin Survival Strategies. Weihs, Daniel. (2002). Dynamics of Dolphin Porpoising Revisited. Integrative and comparative biology. 42. 1071-8.
• Wells, R. 2000. Reproduction in wild bottlenose dolphins: Overview of patterns observed during a long-term study. Pages 57-74 in Bottlenose dolphins reproduction workshop.Silver Springs, AZ
• Wells, R. S., M. D. Scott and A. B. Irvine. (1987). The social structure of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. Pages 247-305 in H. Genoways, ed. Current Mammalogy. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
• Wells, R. S., and M. D. Scott. (1999). Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821). Pages 137 -182 in S. H. Ridgway and R. J. Harrison, eds. Handbook of marine mammals: The second book of dolphins and porpoises. Academic Press, New York Academic Press, New York, NY.
• West KL, Oftedal OT, Carpenter JR, Krames BJ, Campbell M, Sweeney JC. (1987)Effect of lactation stage and concurrent pregnancy on milk composition in the bottlenose dolphin. J Zool 273(2).
• Zainuddin Lubis, Muhammad. (2016). Behaviour and echolocation of male indo-pacific bottlenose dolphins. 10.13140/RG.2.1.4603.7520.