González, L. et al (2012): Distribution of sperm whales off the south coast of São Miguel

In their study of the sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off the south coast of São Miguel, Azores, González et al. (2012) analyzed how sightings of these whales are distributed as function of bathymetry, slope and bottom aspect. Between 700 and 1300 meters, there were higher frequencies of sightings, primarily during the summer months, the study found.

Objectives

To determine the temporal distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) off São Miguel, Azores, from 2006 to 2012.
To photographically identify individual blue whales using natural marks and dorsal shapes for a photo-ID catalog.
To assess the migratory patterns and seasonal occurrence of blue whales in the Azores, especially during the spring months.

Impact

We found that in summer the dominant habitat for sperm whales was between 700 m and 1300 m, with most sightings in waters less than 50 m and greater than 300 m deep. Between 5 and 10 percent, this matched the volcanic nature of the islands, which was the preferred slopes.
In order to gain better understanding of sperm whale habitat use, the research suggests that additional studies, such as longer temporal series and more environmental variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and productivity, will be needed.

Supported UN Global Goals

Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), this thesis contributes to, by looking at sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) distribution off São Miguel, Azores (González et al. 2012). The relationships between whale sightings and environmental factors such as depth, slope and bottom aspect are also explored, and generated insights into the conservation of marine biodiversity. Finally, the study identifies critical habitats that will support sustainable management and protection of sperm whale populations in the region.